Determinan Perilaku Pola Makan Vegetarian pada Orang Dewasa Berdasarkan Pendekatan Theory of Planned Behavior
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Submitted
9 June 2026
Published
30 July 2026
Keywords:
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Dietary behavior, Health promotion, Intention, Theory of Planned Behavior, Vegetarian
Abstract
A vegetarian diet is a plant-based dietary behavior increasingly recognized as a strategy to support the prevention of non-communicable diseases. However, maintaining vegetarian dietary practices is influenced not only by nutritional factors but also by psychosocial determinants. This study aimed to analyze determinants of vegetarian dietary behavior among adults using the Theory of Planned Behavior approach. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 115 adult vegetarians in the Ajatappareng region, South Sulawesi, selected through purposive sampling. Independent variables included attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention, while the dependent variable was vegetarian dietary behavior. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Bivariate analysis showed that attitude (p=0.003), subjective norm (p=0.018), perceived behavioral control (p<0.001), and intention (p<0.001) were significantly associated with vegetarian dietary behavior. After multivariate adjustment, positive attitude (AOR=2.27; 95% CI:1.02–5.05), high perceived behavioral control (AOR=3.25; 95% CI:1.32–8.00), and strong intention (AOR=4.81; 95% CI:1.89–12.25) remained significant determinants. Intention was the strongest predictor of healthy vegetarian dietary behavior. These findings suggest that health promotion interventions should move beyond providing nutritional information by fostering intrinsic motivation, emotional engagement, and self-regulatory capacity to support sustained adherence to plant-based dietary practices.
References
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Reynolds, R., McGowan, A., Smith, S., & Rawstorne, P. (2025). Vegan and vegetarian males and females have higher orthorexic traits than omnivores, and are motivated in their food choice by factors including ethics and weight control. Nutrition and Health, 31(2), 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060231187924
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Shah, S., & Thanki Joshi, H. (2024). Factors shaping the adoption of sustainable vegan diets. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 48(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.13034
Sunaryanti, D. P., Pranata, I. G., & Akbar Maulana, A. M. (2025). Analisis Niat Pembelian Konsumen terhadap Sayuran Organik di Indonesia (Integrasi Teori Perilaku Terencana dan Teori Nilai Konsumsi). JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis)?: Jurnal Agribisnis Dan Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 10(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.37149/jia.v10i1.1780
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Zaal, E. L., Ongena, Y. P., & Hoeks, J. C. J. (2023). Explaining vegetarian and vegan dietary behavior among U.S. and Dutch samples applying a reasoned action approach. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1040680
Zhu, B., Winterstein, J., & Habisch, A. (2026). Cultural influences on vegetarian food consumption: insights from Germany and Thailand using the motivation-opportunity-ability model. British Food Journal, 128(13), 206–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-12-2024-1326
Agatha, O., Taufiq, A., Lestariningsih, T., & Hadi, B. M. (2024). ANALISIS MINAT DAN PERILAKU KONSUMSI MAKANAN VEGAN DI KALANGAN GENERASI MUDA DI SURABAYA BARAT. The Sages Journal, 2(02), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.61195/sages.v2i02.17
Albertelli, T., Carretier, E., Loisel, A., Moro, M.-R., & Blanchet, C. (2024). Vegetarianism and eating disorders: The subjective experience of healthcare professionals. Appetite, 193, 107136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2023.107136
Alkhaldy, A. A. (2025). Using the theory of planned behaviour to understand the adoption of vegetarianism among females in Saudi Arabia. Frontiers in Public Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1566712
Bia?ek-Dratwa, A., Sto?, W., Sta?kiewicz-Bartecka, W., Grajek, M., Krupa-Kotara, K., & Kowalski, O. (2024). The Psychosocial Aspects of Vegetarian Diets: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Motivations, Risks, and Limitations in Daily Life. Nutrients, 16(15), 2504. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152504
Canova, L., Bobbio, A., Frosini, E., & Manganelli, A. M. (2026). Motivations for Plant-Based Diets: Italian Version of the Vegetarian Eating Motives Inventory and Relationships with Self-Identity and Food Consumption. Food Ethics, 11(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41055-026-00202-7
Canova, L., Capasso, M., Bianchi, M., & Caso, D. (2025). From motivation to mediterranean diet intention and behavior: a combined self-determination theory and theory of planned behavior approach. Psychology & Health, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2025.2496228
Charina, M. S., Sagita, S., Koamesah, S. M. J., & Woda, R. R. (2022). HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI DAN POLA KONSUMSI DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS NUSA CENDANA. Cendana Medical Journal, 10(1), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.35508/cmj.v10i1.6829
Dinu, M., Ristori, S., Pagliai, G., Lotti, S., Meriggi, N., Nerini, A., Chevolleau, S., Bowman, J., Caderni, G., Colombini, B., Gerard, P., Giovannelli, L., Gueraud, F., Marcucci, R., Pierre, F., De Filippo, C., & Sofi, F. (2026). Effects of meat-based, meat-based with ?-tocopherol, and pesco-vegetarian diets on biomarkers associated with colorectal cancer risk: a randomized behavioral intervention trial. Scientific Reports, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31410-6
Dorczok, M. C., Schrank, B., Mittmann, G., & Steiner-Hofbauer, V. (2026). Dietary supplementation and health behavior in a sample of young adults in Austria. Journal of Public Health, 34(2), 283–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-024-02272-5
Eryucel, M. E., Cak?r, A. S., Balyan, M., Turan, M. B., Cankaya, C., Sahiner Guler, V., Dalbudak, I., & Pepe, O. (2025). Sustainable dietary behavior and food choices among sport sciences students: a cross-sectional study within the theory of planned behavior. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1689613
Góralska-Walczak, R., Kopczy?ska, K., Kazimierczak, R., Stefanovic, L., Bie?ko, M., Oczkowski, M., & ?rednicka-Tober, D. (2023). Environmental Indicators of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets: A Pilot Study in a Group of Young Adult Female Consumers in Poland. Sustainability, 16(1), 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010249
Iskandar, A., Anwar, K., & Sabuluntika, N. (2022). Asuhan Gizi Pasien Hidrosefalus Obstruktif Post Evd Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarian Di RSPON Jakarta. PONTIANAK NUTRITION JOURNAL, 5. http://ejournal.poltekkes-pontianak.ac.id/index.php/PNJ/index
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI).
Krenek, A. M., Aggarwal, M., Chung, S. T., Courville, A. B., Guo, J., & Mathews, A. (2025). Plant-Based Culinary Medicine Intervention Improves Cooking Behaviors, Diet Quality, and Skin Carotenoid Status in Adults at Risk of Heart Disease Participating in a Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients, 17(7), 1132. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071132
Liu, S., Li, Z., Wang, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2026). Cultivating Happiness: Young Tourists’ Buddhist Vegetarian Practices and Their Positive Psychological Effects. International Journal of Tourism Research, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70184
Luong, R. H., Winham, D. M., Shelley, M. C., & Glick, A. A. (2024). Plant-Based Meat Alternatives Predicted by Theory of Planned Behavior Among Midwest Undergraduates. Foods, 13(23), 3801. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233801
Matharu, G. K., von der Heidt, T., & Sorwar, G. (2024). Consumer behavior toward plant-based foods: a theoretical review, synthesis and conceptual framework. British Food Journal, 126(9), 3372–3396. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-06-2023-0555
Pattar, S., Shetty, P., & Shetty, G. B. (2023). Impact of vegetarian versus non-vegetarian diet on health outcomes in male individuals: A comparative study. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 10(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2023.02.001
Reynolds, R., McGowan, A., Smith, S., & Rawstorne, P. (2025). Vegan and vegetarian males and females have higher orthorexic traits than omnivores, and are motivated in their food choice by factors including ethics and weight control. Nutrition and Health, 31(2), 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060231187924
Rosenfeld, D. L., Brannon, T. N., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2023). Racialized Perceptions of Vegetarianism: Stereotypical Associations That Undermine Inclusion in Eating Behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 49(11), 1601–1614. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221099392
Saintila, J. (2026). Female sex, vegetarian status, nutritional knowledge, sleep quality, and excess weight are associated with intention to lose weight among university students: A cross-sectional study. Obesity Pillars, 18, 100274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100274
Shah, S., & Thanki Joshi, H. (2024). Factors shaping the adoption of sustainable vegan diets. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 48(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.13034
Sunaryanti, D. P., Pranata, I. G., & Akbar Maulana, A. M. (2025). Analisis Niat Pembelian Konsumen terhadap Sayuran Organik di Indonesia (Integrasi Teori Perilaku Terencana dan Teori Nilai Konsumsi). JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis)?: Jurnal Agribisnis Dan Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 10(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.37149/jia.v10i1.1780
WHO. (2022). Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases, 2013-2020. World Health Organization.
Yanthi, N. L. C., Desak Made Widyanthari, Nyoman Agus Jagat Raya, & Ni Kadek Ayu Suarningsih. (2025). GAMBARAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI PADA KELOMPOK VEGETARIAN DI ASHRAM SRI RADHA MADHAVA. Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing, 12(5), 602–609. https://doi.org/10.24843/coping.2024.v12.i05.p14
Zaal, E. L., Ongena, Y. P., & Hoeks, J. C. J. (2023). Explaining vegetarian and vegan dietary behavior among U.S. and Dutch samples applying a reasoned action approach. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1040680
Zhu, B., Winterstein, J., & Habisch, A. (2026). Cultural influences on vegetarian food consumption: insights from Germany and Thailand using the motivation-opportunity-ability model. British Food Journal, 128(13), 206–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-12-2024-1326
Authors
Bahri, S., Muhammad Azwar, & Faradiba Anggraeni. (2026). Determinan Perilaku Pola Makan Vegetarian pada Orang Dewasa Berdasarkan Pendekatan Theory of Planned Behavior. Jurnal Kesehatan Marendeng, 10(2), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.58554/jkm.v10i2.237
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